Historical Atlas of the Jewish People

Table of Content:

Section	Page
`ANCIENT TIMES`	1
`A The Conquest and Settlement`
`The Tradition of Abraham's Migration`	2
`Abraham and Isaac in the Land of Canaan`	3
`Jacob and His Sons`	4
`The Exodus and Wandering in the Wilderness`	5
`Egypt of the Exodus`	5
`The Penetration into Transjordan`	7
`The Narrative of the Conquest of the Land of Canaan`	8
`Conquests in the South`	9
`The Battle of Gibeon`	10
`Conquest of Southern Shephelah Districts (and Central Hill Country) (latter half of 12th cent. BCE)`	11
`The War of Deborah and the Battle of the Waters of Merom`	12
`The War of Deborah---The Deployment of Forces (12th cent. BCE)`	13
`The War of Deborah---The Battle`	13
`The Death of Sisera`	14
`The Battle of the Waters of Merom`	15
`The Limits of Israelite Control (12th--11th cent. BCE)`	16
`The Twelve Tribes`	19
`The Borders of the Tribal Territories (12th--11th cent. BCE)`	20
`The Judges According to Their Tribes (12th--11th cent. BCE)`	21
`The United Monarchy`
`The Kingdom of Saul (c 1035--1017 BCE)`	23
`The Kingdom of David (c 1000--970 BCE)`	25
`The Kingdom of David and Solomon (c 1000--930 BCE)`	25
`The Israelite Hegemony During the Reigns of David and Solomon (c. 1000--930 BCE)`	26
`The Building and Expansion of Jerusalem (mid-10th cent. BCE)`	27
`Israel and Judah`
`The Division of the Kingdom (931 BCE)`	28
`The Wars Between Israel and Judah`	30
`Abijah's Conquest (c 911 BCE)`	30
`Baasha's Attack on Asa (c. 895 BCE)`	31
`Ahab's Wars with Aram (855--853 BCE)`	32
`The Battle of Qarqar (853 BCE)`	33
`Israel and Judah in the Days of Jeroboam II and Uzziah (mid-8th cent. BCE)`	35
`The Cities of the Prophets (9th--7th cent. BCE)`	35
`The Campaign of Rezin and Pekah Against Judah (735 BCE)`	37
`The Assyrian Campaigns (734--712 BCE)`	39
`The Campaigns of Tiglath-pileser III (734--732 BCE)`	40
`The Campaigns of Shalmaneser V and Sargon II to Palestine (724--712 BCE)`	41
`Sennacherib's Reconquest of Phoenicia (701 BCE)`	42
`Sennacherib in Philistia and Judah (701 BCE)`	43
`The Kingdom of Judah`
`Judah and Her Neighbors During the Reign of Manasseh (701--642 BCE)`	44
`The Kingdom of Josiah (628--609 BCE)`	46
`The Districts of Judah`	48
`The Closing Years of the Kingdom of Judah (599--586 BCE)`	50
`The Exile from Judah (597--582 BCE)`	51
`The Flight to Egypt (c 586 BCE)`	51
`Judah Under Babylonian Rule (early 6th cent. BCE)`	52
`The Return to Zion (538--445 BCE)`	53
`Post-Exilic Jerusalem (c 440 BCE)`	54
`The Province of Yehud (c 440 BCE)`	54
`The Hellenistic Period`
`Alexander the Great in Palestine (332--331 BCE)`	56
`The Jewish Diaspora (3rd--1st cent. BCE)`	58
`The Jewish Diaspora in Babylonia Asia Minor and Greece`	58
`The Jewish Diaspora in the Ptolemaic Kingdom`	59
`The Maccabess`
`The Beginnings of the Maccabean Revolt (167 BCE)`	60
`The Battle of Beth-zur and the Rededication of the Temple (165 BCE)`	61
`The Expansion of Judea in the Days of Jonathan (152--142 BCE)`	62
`Jerusalem of the Maccabees (164--141 BCE)`	63
`The Kingdom of Alexander Janneus (103--76 BCE)`	64
`The Roman Conquest`
`Pompey's Campaign in Palestine (63 BCE)`	66
`Pompey's Territorial Arrangements (63--55 BCE)`	67
`Pompey's Territorial Arrangements`	68
`The Parthian Invasion and the Escape of Herod (40 BCE)`	69
`The Growth of Herod's Kingdom (40--4 BCE)`	70
`Herod's Building in Jerusalem`	70
`The Division of Herod's Kingdom (4 BCE--6 CE)`	73
`The Early Procurators of Judea (6--41 CE)`	74
`The Essenes`	76
`In the Time of Jesus`
`The Journeys of Jesus (5 BCE--30 CE)`	77
`Around the Sea of Galilee`	78
`Jesus' Last Journey to Jerusalem`	80
`The Jewish Diaspora in the Time of Jesus`	81
`The First Revolt Against the Romans`
`The Kingdom of Agrippa I (37--44 CE)`	82
`The Kingdom of Agrippa II (44--66 CE)`	83
`The Outbreak of the First Revolt Against Rome`	84
`The Siege of Jerusalem in the Year 70 CE`	86
`The Fall of Masada (73 CE)`	88
`The Sages of Jabneh`	89
`The Land of Israel After the First Revolt (70--131 CE)`	90
`The Second Revolt Against the Romans`
`Jewish Revolts in the Diaspora (115--117 CE)`	93
`The Jewish Revolt in Cyrenaica and Egypt (116 CE)`	93
`Trajan's Campaign in the East; Cyprus Revolt and "the War of Quietus" (115--117 CE)`	94
`The Beginnings of the Bar Kokhba Revolt (131--132 CE)`	94
`The Third and Fourth Years of the Bar Kokhba Revolt (133--134 CE)`	97
`The Siege of Bethther (135 CE)`	98
`The Decrees of Hadrian (135 CE)`	99
`Aelia Capitolina (135--324 CE)`	100
`Renewal of Jewish Settlement in Palestine`
`The Wanderings of the Sanhedrin (after 70 CE)`	101
`The Twenty-four Priestly Divisions`	101
`The Jewish Settlement After 140 CE`	102
`The Jewish Diaspora in the Time of Antoninus Pius (138--161 CE)`	103
`The Boundaries of the Land According to Halakhah`	105
`The Urbanization of the Land (63--330 CE)`	106
`Migration Routes from Babylonia to Eretz Israel`	108
`The Talmudic Sages`
`The Third- and Fourth-Generation Tannaim (115--175 CE)`	109
`The First Generation of Amoraim (225--260 CE)`	110
`The Second Generation of Amoraim (260--290 CE)`	111
`The Third Generation of Amoraim (280--320 CE)`	113
`The Fourth- and Fifth-Generation Amoraim (320--400 CE)`	114
`Julian's Attempt to Rebuild the Temple (362--363 CE)`	115
`The First Generation of Babylonian Amoraim (200--254 CE)`	115
`The Second Generation of Babylonian Amoraim (254--299 CE)`	117
`The Third Generation of Babylonian Amoraim (299--330 CE)`	118
`The Fourth Generation of Babylonian Amoraim (330--352 CE)`	119v
`The Fifth and Sixth Generations of Babylonian Amoraim (352--376 CE)`	119
`The Political Division of Palestine in the Byzantine Period`	120
`The Jewish Diaspora in the Fifth Century`	122
`THE MIDDLE AGES`	123
`From the Barbarian Invasion of Europe Until the Crusades`
`The Barbarian Invasions of Europe (5th cent.)`	124
`The Dispersion of the Jews (mid-6th cent.)`	126
`Synagogues in Palestine (2nd--6th cent.)`	128
`The Himyar Kingdom and Its War with the Ethiopians (6th cent.)`	130
`Wars Between Persia and Byzantium (609--629)`	132
`The Persian Invasion of Palestine (614--618)`	133
`The Jews in the Arabian Peninsula (beginning of the 7th cent.)`	133
`Muhammad's Wars Against the Jews (623--629)`	135
`The City of Medina`	135
`Arabian Conquest and the Rise of Islam (622--721)`	136
`Visigothic Spain (7th cent.)`	138
`The Jews in Italy During the Papacy of Gregory I (the Great) (590--604)`	139
`Charlemagne's Empire`	141
`Boundaries of the Divided Carolingian Empire (843)`	143
`The Khazars and Pressure form the Christian States (8th--10th cent.)`	144
`The Khazars`	146
`The Radhanite Merchants`	147
`Italy in the Framework of Byzantium and the Holy Roman Empire (9th--10th cent.)`	150
`The Norman Invasion of Southern Italy`	152
`The Ahimaaz Scroll of Genealogies`	152
`Religious Ferment and Sects in Judaism (until the 12th cent.)`	153
`The Gaonate in Babylonia`	155
`Eretz Israel and the Diaspora`	160
`The Geonim of Eretz Israel; and Aliyah to Eretz Israel`	162
`The Jews of North Africa (12th--15th cent.)`	165
`Tunisia`	165
`Egypt`	167
`Morocco`	167
`Muslim Spain: Economy and Centers of Jewish Settlement (10th--12th cent.)`	168
`Reconquista: The Reconquest (until the mid-12th cent.)`	170
`Jewish Communities in Ashkenaz (up to 1096)`	173
`The Massacres of 1096: "Gezerot Tatnu" (4856)`	175
`The First Crusade (1096--1099)`	177
`The Crusader Kingdom of Eretz Israel`	178
`The Capture of Jerusalem (7 June--15 July 1099)`	179
`From Crusade to Crusades`	179
`The Crusades`	180
`The City of Norwich`	182
`Until the Black Death`
`Blood Libels`	184
`The Travels of Benjamin of Tudela (1160--1173)`	185
`In Italy Greece and Turkey`	187
`In the Holy Land`	187
`In the Near East`	187
`Jewish Communities in the Holy Land (12th--14th cent.)`	188
`Immigration to the Holy Land (12th cent.)`	189
`Immigration to the Holy Land (13th--early 14th cent.)`	190
`The Jews of Italy (13th cent.)`	192
`Jewish Communities in Spain and the Reconquest (13th and 14th cent.)`	193
`The Collecta Organization`	197
`Spiritual Creativity: The Tosafists`	198
`The Spread of the Kabbalah`	202
`The Maimonidean Controversy`	204
`Hebrew Manuscripts of Ashkenaz France and Spain`	207
`The Jews of England up to the Expulsion`	209
`The Jewish Communities of France (13th cent.)`	211
`Persecutions in Ashkenaz (13th and 14th cent.)`	213
`Massacres in the Rhine Districts`	215
`The Pastoureaux and "Lepers" Massacres (1320--1321)`	216
`The Black Death (1348)`	217
`Until the Expulsion from Spain`
`Destruction of the Jewish Community of France (14th cent.)`	219
`The Beginning of Jewish Settlement in Poland`	220
`The Jews of Spain up to the Massacres of 1391`	222
`The Jewish Quarter in Toledo`	223
`Jewish Settlement in Portugal (13th and 14th cent.)`	225
`The Mongol Invasions of Palestine`	226
`The Mongol Empire`	227
`Immigration to the Holy Land (14th and 15th cent.)`	228
`The Beginnings of the Ottoman Empire`	230
`The Fall of Constantine`	232
`Commerce in the Mediterranean Basin (14th--15th cent.)`	232
`The Jews of Germany in the Shadow of Expulsions and Massacres (14th and 15h cent.)`	234
`Centers of Dissemination of Hatred of the Jews`	236
`The Jews of Switzerland (13th--15th cent.)`	237
`The Jews of Spain on the Eve of the Expulsion (15th cent.)`	238
`Spanish Jewish Communities`	239
`The Kingdom of AragÆn at the Time of Alfonso V`	240
`Violent Attacks Against the Conversos of CÆrdoba`	241
`The Conquest of Granada (1 January 1492)`	242
`The Jewish Communities in Italy (14th--16th cent.)`	244
`The City of Rome`	247
`Jewish Demographic Changes (from the 13th cent. until the Expulsion from Spain)`	248
`Jewish Populations in Europe`	252
`The Expulsion Order`	254
`Expulsion from Spain (31 March 1492)`	256
`Jewish Exodus from Spain and Portugal (1492--1497)`	257
`Routes Taken by Jews Expelled from Spain`	260
`The Wanderings of R. Judah Hayyat`	260
`Until the Chmielnicki Massacres and Shabbatean Movement`
`The Ottoman Empire at the Height of Its Expansion (until 1683)`	261
`The Jews of the Balkan Peninsula (16th cent.)`	263
`Immigration to the Holy Land (16th and 17th cent.)`	264
`Palestine Under Ottoman Rule (16th cent.)`	265
`Emissaries from the Holy Land to the Diaspora (15th--16th cent.)`	267
`Jewish Communities in North Africa and in the Egyptian Delta (15th--16th cent.)`	267
`Kabbalists and Kabbalistic Centers (16th and 17th cent.)`	268
`Jewish Printers and Admission of Jews to Universities (15th--16th cent.)`	270
`Universities`	271
`The Jews of Italy (16th and 17th cent.)`	272
`The Jewish Ghetto in Venice`	274
`The Travels of David Reuveni (16th cent.)`	274
`The Emigration of Conversos from Portugal and Their Dispersion; The Readmissionof Jews to England (16th and 17th cent.)`	276
`Area of Jewish Settlement in the City of London`	279
`Jewish Communities in Holland (17th cent.)`	279
`Jewish Settlement in America and the Far East (16th and 17th cent.)`	280
`Jewish Settlement in America (17th cent.)`	280
`Jewish Settlement in India (16th and 17th cent.)`	281
`Inquisition Tribunals (15th--17th cent.)`	282
`In Spain and Portugal`	283
`In Italy`	283
`The Jews of Germany During the Reformation`	286
`The Jews of Silesia Moravia and Bohemia (16th cent.)`	287
`The Thirty Years' War (1618--1648)`	288
`The Jews of Hungary Under Turkish and Austrian Rule`	288
`The Jews of Eastern Europe (until the 1650s)`	290
`The Jews of Poland Within the Council of Four Lands (17th cent.)`	292
`The Chmielnicki Massacres (1648--1649)`	295
`Shabbetai Zevi---Activities and Travels`	297
`The Travels of Nathan of Gaza`	299
`Leaders of the Shabbatean Movement After the Death of Shabbetai Zevi`	300
`MODERN TIMES`
`Jewish Demography Modern Times in Jewish History`	302
`Migratory Directions: The Middle Ages to the Modern Period`	304
`Jewish Migrations (19th and 20th cent.)`	305
`Jewish Migrations Within Europe`	306
`Intercontinental Migrations of the Jews`	307
`The Jewish People in the Nineteenth Century`	308
`The Jewish People on the Eve of World War II`	309
`European Jewry Until World War I`
`The Spanish-Portuguese Jews in Europe and in the Americas (17th and 18th cent.)`	312
`The Beginning of Jewish Settlement in the Americas`	313
`Economic Activities of Spanish-Portuguese Jews (17th and 18th cent.)`	314
`The Court Jews in Central Europe (17th and 18th cent.)`	315
`The Jews in Poland and Lithuania Before the Eighteenth-Century Partitions`	318
`Partitions of Poland`	319
`Poland and Lithuania (18th cent.)`	320
`The Jews in the Russian Empire (late 19th cent.)`	322
`The Jews in the Hapsburg Empire (late 18th cent.)`	324
`The Jews in Austria-Hungary (early 20th cent.)`	326
`The Jews in France (18th and 19th cent.)`	327
`The Jews in Alsace-Lorraine (late 18th cent.)`	328
`The Consistories (19th cent.)`	329
`Major Themes in Modern Jewish History`
`Jewish Entrepreneurs (19th and 20th cent.)`	330
`Jewish Entrepreneurs in the United States`	331
`The Legal Situation of the Jews Until World War I`	332
`The Legal Situation of the Jews in Muslim Countries`	334
`Jewish Enlightenment (Haskalah) in Europe (18th and 19th cent.)`	335
`Shabbateanism Frankism and Early Hasidism`	338
`Hasidism: Beginnings and Expansion`	340
`Religious Tendencies in Modern Judaism`	340
`Religious Trends and Institutions Among European Jews`	346
`Orthodoxy (Haredut) in Eastern Europe`	348
`The Great Yeshivas in Eastern Europe and the Musar Movement`	348
`The Hasidic Movement (19th cent.)`	350
`The Religious Organization of American Jewry (mid-19th and early 20th cent.)`	350
`Reform and Conservative Congregations in the United States (early 20th cent.)`	352
`Modern Antisemitism: Ideological Sources`	353
`Antisemitic Parties and Organizations in Europe (late 19th and early 20th cent.)`	355
`The "Hep-Hep" Disturbances (1819)`	356
`Anti-Jewish Riots During the Revolutions of 1848`	357
`Anti-Jewish Riots in Russia (1881--1906)`	358
`Blood Libels (19th and 20th cent.)`	360
`Judaic Studies (19th and 20th cent.)`	361
`Judaic Studies in Europe and in Palestine/Israel`	362
`Judaic Studies in North America`	363
`Languages of the Jews`	364
`The Roots of Jewish Nationalism (late 19th cent.)`	366
`Jewish Nationalism: Ideological and Organizational Tendencies`	367
`Jewish Socialism: The Bund`	369
`The Rise of the Bund and Its Spread in the Pale of Settlement`	369
`Zionism: Ideological Components`	370
`The Beginning of the Zionist Movement`	372
`The Structure of the World Zionist Organization (1929)`	373
`The Political Composition of Zionist Congresses (1921--1939)`	375
`Jewish Student Organizations and Youth Movements`	376
`Jewish Student Organizations in Europe`	378
`Jewish Student Organizations in the United States`	379
`Muslim Countries`
`The Jews in Muslim Countries`	380
`The Jews in Morocco`	381
`The Jews in Algeria`	383
`The Jews in Tunisia`	384
`The Jews in Libya`	385
`The Jews in Egypt`	385
`The Jews in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey`	387
`The Jews in Constantinople (Istanbul)`	388
`The Jews in Salonika`	389
`The Karaites`	390
`The Ethiopian Jews`	391
`The Jews in Iraq`	392
`The Jews in Kurdistan`	393
`The Jews in Iran`	394
`The Jews in Afghanistan`	396
`The Jews in Yemen`	396
`The Jews in India`	398
`The Jews in the Far East`	400
`European Jewry in the Interwar Years`
`The Jews in East Central Europe`	401
`The Jews in Eastern Europe After World War I`	402
`Pogroms in Russia and Poland (1917--1921)`	403
`Jewish Delegations at the Paris Peace Conference (1919)`	403
`Equal Rights and Minority Rights After World War I`	404
`The Jews in Poland (1921--1931)`	404
`Historical Subgroups in Polish Jewry`	404
`The Jews in Warsaw`	407
`The Jews in the Baltic States in the Interwar Years`	407
`The Jews in the Soviet Union (1920s and 1930s)`	409
`The Caucasian "Mountain Jews" and the Jews in Georgia`	410
`The Jews in Bukhara`	410
`The Jewish Autonomous Region in Birobidzhan`	411
`The Jews in Czechoslovakia in the Interwar Years`	411
`The Jews in Hungary in the Interwar Years`	412
`The Jews in Romania in the Interwar Years`	413
`The Jews in Southeastern Europe (early 20th cent.)`	415
`The Jews in Western Europe in the 1930s`	416
`The Jews in Germany: 1925`	418
`Jewish Emgration from Germany During the Nazi Period`	420
`European Jewry: 1940 ff.`
`The Holocaust: 1939 to 1945`	421
`Jewish Reactions and Resistance`	424
`The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising`	425
`Auschwitz`	426
`The Escape from Europe (Briha)`	427
`The Outcome of the Holocaust: 1951`	428
`The Extermination of European Jews by Countries`	428
`European Jewry (late 20th cent.)`	429
`The Jews in the Soviet Union (late 20th cent.)`	430
`The New Centers of Jewry`
`Palestine in the Nineteenth Century`	432
`Jewish Immigration to Palestine/Israel`	433
`Early Jewish Immigrations (Aliyot) to Palestine`	434
`Jewish Immigration (Aliyah) to Israel After 1948`	434
`The Boundaries of Palestine`	435
`Toward the Establishment of the Jewish State in Palestine (1940--1948)`	436
`The Wars Fought by Israel`	437
`The Jews in Canada`	439
`The Development of American Jewry (1878 ff.)`	440
`Jewish Immigration to the United States (19th and 20th cent.)`	441
`American Jewry in the 1920s`	442
`The Socioeconomic Development of American Jewry`	444
`The Jewish Labor Movement in the United States`	444
`Jewish Institutions in Manhattan Until 1914`	445
`The Jews in Latin America (19th and 20th cent.)`	446
`The Jews in Argentina`	447
`The Jews in South Africa`	448
`The Jews in Australia and New Zealand`	449
`A Changing World Jewry: Late 20th to Early 21st Centuries`	450
`Jewish Population Since World War II`	451
`Geographical Distribution`	452
`The Jewish People in 2002`	452
`The Jews in the Former Soviet Union`	455
`Core and Enlarged Jewish Populations`	456
`The Jews in the World System`	457
`The Jews in Major Urban Areas`	458
`Jewish Centers in the United States2002`	459
`International Migration of the Jews`	460
`Ideological and Other Determinants of Aliyah`	462
`Jewish Marriages Births and Deaths`	464
`Major Brands of Jewish Identification`	466
`Jewish Population Projections`	467
`Index`	470