Ruth Kark, professor of Geography at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, has done extensive research on settlement in 19th century Palestine, and on Western influences on the Holy Land. She has written several books, including Sephardi Entrepreneurs in Eretz-Israel with Joseph Glass and Jerusalem and Its Environs: Quarters, Neighborhoods and Villages 1800–1948 with Michal Oren-Nordheim. She has also edited The Land That Became Israel: Studies in Historical Geography and The Redemption of the Land of Eretz Israel: Ideology and Practice.